Final answer:
The AUG codon is necessary for initiating translation in prokaryotes, while the stop codons UAA, UAG, and UGA terminate translation and release the polypeptide.
Step-by-step explanation:
In prokaryotes, there are certain codons that are essential for translation. The first is the AUG codon, which serves as the start codon and initiates translation. This codon specifies the amino acid methionine. The other codons that are necessary for translation are the stop codons, UAA, UAG, and UGA. When these codons appear in the mRNA, protein synthesis stops and the polypeptide is released from the translation machinery.
In prokaryotic translation, the essential codons are the start codon AUG for initiation and the stop codons UAA, UAG, and UGA for termination.
The codons that are absolutely necessary for translation of prokaryotes include the start codon AUG, which is required to initiate protein synthesis, and the three stop codons, UAA, UAG, and UGA, that terminate protein synthesis. Both the start and stop codons are essential components of the genetic code and are utilized in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. These codons ensure the correct initiation and termination of the polypeptide chain during the process of translation.