Final answer:
The apoplastic route and the symplastic route increase a plant's ability to perform bulk flow, allowing for the long-distance movement of substances.
Step-by-step explanation:
The apoplastic route and the symplastic route both contribute to the plant's ability to perform bulk flow, which is the long-distance movement of substances in plants. In the apoplastic route, water and minerals are transported through the cell walls, xylem, and intercellular spaces between cells. This route provides a relatively low-resistance pathway for water to flow between adjacent cells. In the symplastic route, water and minerals are transported through the cell cytoplasm, which is linked by plasmodesmata. These channels connect the cytoplasm of neighboring cells, allowing for the bulk flow of substances through the plant.