Final answer:
Mutation is an alteration in genetic sequence that can introduce new traits to a population, contributing to evolution. Natural selection acts on this genetic variation, favoring beneficial mutations that aid in survival and reproduction. This relationship between random mutations and non-random selection facilitates species adaptation over time.
Step-by-step explanation:
Mutation and its Role in Evolution
Mutation is defined as a change in the genetic sequence, leading to a variant form that can be passed down if it occurs in the sex cells. Mutations are the only source of new genetic information and play a pivotal role in evolution by contributing to genetic diversity. When it comes to natural selection, this process favors advantageous mutations by allowing organisms with these traits to survive, reproduce, and pass their genes to future generations. Mutations can be neutral, harmful, or beneficial, and the outcome in terms of evolutionary fitness is random.
Natural Selection and Mutation
Natural selection acts on the variation produced by mutations. Beneficial mutations may lead to traits that increase an organism's reproductive success, while harmful mutations may be weeded out. The randomness of mutations coupled with the non-random process of natural selection drives the evolution of species.
In summary, while mutations introduce genetic diversity randomly, natural selection is a discerning force, promoting traits that bolster survival and procreation. Together, these mechanisms enable species to adapt over time to their changing environments, leading to the vast biodiversity we observe.