Final answer:
The traits in the question refer to dominant and recessive traits observed in the F1 and F2 generations of a monohybrid cross, displaying Mendel's law of segregation with a classic 3:1 ratio.
Step-by-step explanation:
The traits described in the student's question are examples of inheritance patterns observed in monohybrid crosses, as studied by Gregor Mendel. In a monohybrid cross, one trait is tracked across generations. In the F1 generation, all plants exhibit the same trait, known as the dominant trait. This occurs because the trait's allele overshadows the other contrasting allele, which is called recessive. When F1 plants are self-pollinated, their F2 generation offspring exhibit a 3:1 ratio of dominant to recessive traits, revealing that the recessive trait is still present but was not expressed in the F1 generation. This classic 3:1 ratio supports Mendel's laws of inheritance, specifically the law of segregation, which states that the two alleles for a trait separate during gamete formation and are then recombined at fertilization, resulting in the offspring's genotype.