Final answer:
DNA repair mechanisms detect and correct errors during replication. The mismatch repair system identifies the wrongly inserted nucleotide and replaces it with the correct one.
Step-by-step explanation:
In DNA replication, errors like the insertion of the wrong nucleotide can occur. To address this, cells employ DNA repair mechanisms, including mismatch repair. During this process, proteins recognize and excise the mispaired nucleotide. The correct sequence is then restored with the help of DNA polymerase, ensuring the fidelity of the genetic code. If errors persist, other repair pathways, such as base excision repair or nucleotide excision repair, may be activated to rectify various types of damage. These repair mechanisms are crucial for maintaining the integrity of the genetic information passed on during cell division. Without such corrective processes, accumulated mutations could lead to adverse consequences, including genetic disorders or cancer.
The solution to proofreading fails during DNA replication lies in the intricate DNA repair mechanisms, with mismatch repair specifically addressing wrongly inserted nucleotides. These processes are essential for preserving the accuracy of the genetic code and preventing potentially harmful mutations.