Final answer:
The primary directive in anthropological research is ethical engagement, cultural respect, participant observation, and contributing beneficially to the subject culture's needs and perspectives.
Step-by-step explanation:
The primary directive in anthropological research, including in doing fieldwork, is to conduct studies in a manner that is ethical, respects the autonomy and dignity of the subjects, and prioritizes the needs and perspectives of the culture being studied. This often involves engaging in participant observation, a method where the researcher actively participates in the daily activities of the host culture, in order to gain a deep understanding of its practices and beliefs. Research must also be sanctioned by institutional review boards to ensure that it meets ethical standards and respect for the community involved. Additionally, many anthropological studies aim at providing benefits to the subjects of study, especially in response to the criticisms of Indigenous scholars who have called for more equitable and beneficial research practices.