Final answer:
Controls that stop problems from occurring are known as preventive controls. These include measures to avoid errors or irregularities before they happen, unlike detective or corrective controls which deal with problems after they arise. Experimental controls also play a key role by ensuring valid comparisons in experiments.
Step-by-step explanation:
The controls that stop problems from occurring are called preventive controls. Preventive controls are designed to deter undesirable events before they occur. They may include policies, procedures, and physical measures that are put in place to ensure that errors or irregularities are prevented. Examples of preventive controls include employee training programs, access controls, and segregation of duties.
On the other hand, detective controls are used to identify problems that have already occurred, corrective controls are measures that fix problems after they have happened, and programmed controls are automated procedures typically found in software systems intended to ensure proper operation.
Regarding the experimental control options provided:
- Experimental controls do not eliminate the need for large sample sizes. They are used to ensure that the results of an experiment are due to the variable being tested rather than other factors.
- Experimental controls do not eliminate the need for statistical tests, which are used to interpret the data gathered from the experiment.
- While experimental controls do not necessarily reduce the number of measurements needed, they do allow for a more accurate analysis of the results.
- Experimental controls indeed allow comparison between groups that are different in only one independent variable, which is crucial in establishing cause-and-effect relationships.