Final answer:
The correct option is A). Consumer Fraud is where customers deceive and wrongfully benefit from an organization, with the perpetrator being the consumer and the victim being the business. Identity theft is a common form of this fraud, leading to significant financial loss and a breach of trust. Corporate crimes like embezzlement and controversial 'victimless' crimes can have broader societal ramifications.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of fraud where customers don't pay, pay too little, or get too much from an organization through deception is known as Consumer Fraud. In this case, the perpetrator is the consumer who commits the fraud, and the victim is typically the business or organization from which goods or services are fraudulently obtained. Consumer fraud could involve various schemes, such as the use of stolen credit card information, check fraud, or other deceptive practices to make unauthorized purchases or obtain services.
An example related to the topic is identity theft, sometimes known as 'True-name Fraud.' Here, the perpetrator wrongfully acquires and uses another person's personal identification, credit, or account information without permission, which can lead to substantial financial loss and a breach of trust for the victim.
Regarding corporate crime, embezzlement is an example, which involves unlawfully taking money or property by someone entrusted with its possession, often in a corporate or employment setting. Lastly, a victimless crime is a term used to describe illegal acts that don't directly harm another individual. However, they may still be considered harmful to society as a whole.