Final answer:
The acceleration due to gravity is the acceleration that all objects experience when they fall towards the center of the Earth. To derive the expression for tension and acceleration in a string during motion of bodies connected by a string and passing over a frictionless pulley, we use Newton's second law and the concept of equal and opposite forces. The tension in the string is equal to the weight of the hanging mass, and the acceleration of the system can be calculated using a specific formula.
Step-by-step explanation:
The acceleration due to gravity is the acceleration that all objects experience when they fall towards the center of the Earth. It is denoted by the symbol g and has an average value of 9.80 m/s². It is constant at any given location on Earth.
To derive the expression for tension and acceleration in a string during motion of bodies connected by a string and passing over a frictionless pulley, we use Newton's second law and the concept of equal and opposite forces. Assuming the string has no mass, the tension in the string is equal to the weight of the hanging mass, and the acceleration of the system can be calculated using the formula a = (m1 - m2) * g / (m1 + m2), where m1 and m2 are the masses of the bodies connected by the string.