Final answer:
During the First Continental Congress, the colonists issued the Declaration of the Rights and Grievances of the Colonies, protested taxation without representation, and petitioned the king and Parliament for economic relief and the repeal of the Stamp Act, which was achieved in March 1766.
Step-by-step explanation:
First Continental Congress and the Stamp Act
The colonists resolved to nullify the Stamp Act through a series of actions taken during the First Continental Congress. They first issued the Declaration of the Rights and Grievances of the Colonies, which articulated their stance against taxation without representation and outlined the colonists' rights under the British Constitution. They also sent the petition to the king, seeking economic relief, and a petition to Parliament calling for the repeal of the Stamp Act. The steadfast efforts of the Congress demonstrated a unified political front opposing Parliament's taxation policies, which contributed to the subsequent repeal of the Stamp Act in March 1766 by the new Prime Minister, Lord Rockingham. In response, Parliament passed the Declaratory Act, affirming its authority over the colonies, but the seeds of American discontent had been planted, setting the stage for further resistance.