Final answer:
Europeans believed to have advantages over non-Europeans in the 19th century, including technological superiority and access to fossil fuels. They also believed in their biological and cultural superiority.
Step-by-step explanation:
Many Europeans in the nineteenth century believed they had certain advantages over non-Europeans. Some of these advantages included:
- Technological superiority: Europeans had advanced weapons, communication systems, and transportation methods that gave them an upper hand in global dominance. This technology allowed them to overcome resistance and protect themselves from tropical diseases.
- Access to fossil fuels: Europe and the United States had exclusive access to abundant energy in the form of coal and later oil. This allowed them to produce goods in large quantities and have a significant advantage in economic and technological power.
- Biological and cultural superiority: Europeans often viewed themselves as intellectually and culturally superior to non-Europeans. They believed their civilization was more advanced and that other civilizations were stagnant or inferior. These racist and chauvinistic beliefs drove their desire to conquer and colonize other parts of the world.