Final answer:
Ancient Egyptians developed advanced algebra and geometry, evident in papyri that described calculations for volumes and slopes and an early understanding of the Pythagorean theorem. Pythagoras might have learned about these concepts in Egypt. Contributions from both Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations underpin many scientific and mathematical advancements in antiquity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The advancements in mathematics by the ancient Egyptians were quite significant and spanned various complex areas. Mathematics like algebra and geometry were developed, as evidenced in historical papyri such as the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus and the Berlin Papyrus 6619. These documents contained problems and solutions related to volumes and slopes, and even evidence of an understanding of the Pythagorean theorem, long before Pythagoras's time. Moreover, the Egyptians were adept at practical applications of their mathematical knowledge, as seen in their ability to calculate the height of the pyramids using basic geometric concepts.
Similarly, Pythagoras, a Greek figure often credited with discovering the relationships in a right triangle, likely encountered such advanced mathematical knowledge during his time studying with the priests of Heliopolis, as these mathematical concepts were already well established in Egyptian society. Archimedes, another Greek mathematician, and scientist, made remarkable contributions as well, including approximating pi and applying geometry to engineering. Ancient Mesopotamians also made incredible strides in mathematics and astronomy, developing systems that would heavily influence the scientific and mathematical understanding of the Mediterranean world.