Final answer:
The Neolithic period is distinguished from the Paleolithic by the advent of settled agriculture, where societies began to grow crops and domesticate animals, leading to the development of permanent settlements and complex societal structures.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Neolithic period, also known as the New Stone Age, is traditionally distinguished from the Paleolithic, or Old Stone Age, by the onset of settled agriculture. During this time, human societies transitioned from a nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyle to establishing permanent settlements where they grew crops and domesticated animals. This significant change in lifestyle is often referred to as the Neolithic Revolution, which allowed for larger populations, labor specialization, and the development of more complex societal structures.
The use of stone tools continued into the Neolithic period, but these tools became more sophisticated and included grinding tools for processing grains. Neolithic settlements, such as Çatalhöyük in southeastern Turkey, are indicated by remnants of permanent buildings, crop storage techniques, and evidence of domesticated animals. In contrast, Paleolithic sites typically lack these features and are known for their simpler stone tools used for hunting and gathering.