Final answer:
The correct answer to the student's question is option C, as both Doric and Ionic temple formats traditionally feature columns encircling the entire building, not lacking columns at the rear.
The correct option is C.
Step-by-step explanation:
The difference between the Doric and Ionic temple formats lies primarily in their architectural elements. The Doric order is known for its plain, unadorned column capital and fluted columns that rest directly on the stylobate without a base. Its entablature consists of a frieze with triglyphs and metopes, which can be decorated.
The Ionic order, on the other hand, features columns with bases and capitals with volutes, spirals or scroll-like ornaments. An Ionic frieze is usually a continuous strip that can be decorated and does not have alternating triglyphs and metopes.
Options A, B, and D represent actual differences between the two styles. However, option C, which suggests one order has no columns at the rear, is incorrect as this is not a feature that distinguishes Doric from Ionic temples; both orders traditionally have columns encircling the entire building.
The correct option is C.