Final answer:
The statement is true as closed systems, aseptic techniques, and careful management of IV sites are critical in preventing infections. Venous catheters, while essential, pose a significant risk for bloodstream infections. Bacteria like Staphylococcus epidermidis can form biofilms on medical devices, making infections difficult to treat.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question pertains to best practices for preventing infections in medical settings, specifically related to the usage of catheters and intravenous (IV) therapy. The statement is true: a closed urinary catheter drainage system is designed to prevent the spread of infection by containing microorganisms. It is standard protocol that an IV access site should be changed at the first signs of inflammation to prevent infection. Aseptic technique is critical for procedures like suctioning to prevent introducing microorganisms into the airway. Repeated catheter irrigation and adding drug additives to IV fluids can indeed increase the risk of infection as they can bypass normal bodily defenses against pathogens.
Venous catheters are essential for long-term administration of medication or fluids but can be sites of bloodstream infections, which are significant sources of morbidity and mortality in healthcare settings. The World Health Organization estimates high numbers of catheter-related bloodstream infections, which emphasize the importance of strict infection control practices to prevent these complications. In the case of Roberta's UTI, bacteria could have been introduced during surgery, possibly due to non-sterile conditions or the catheterization process. Bacteria such as Staphylococcus epidermidis can form biofilms on medical devices, leading to persistent infections.