Final answer:
Per capita GDP is calculated by dividing a country's total GDP by its population, providing a measure of economic performance adjusted for population size.
Step-by-step explanation:
Per capita gross domestic product (GDP) is calculated by taking the total market value of all goods and services produced within a country over a specific time period, often one year, and dividing it by the total population of the country. This calculation includes all private and public consumption, government outlays, investments, additions to private inventories, paid-in construction costs, and the foreign balance of trade. Essentially, per capita GDP can be expressed by the formula GDP per capita = GDP/population. This measure is particularly useful when comparing the economic performance of different countries, as it accounts for differences in population size.