Final answer:
Following the 1836 closure of the Bank of the United States, the country encountered the Panic of 1837, a major economic depression, thus none of the provided options are correct. The depression was largely influenced by Jackson's financial policies, which led to inflation and destabilization of the banking system.
Step-by-step explanation:
After the closure of the Bank of the United States in 1836, the immediate aftermath was not the options listed in the question. Instead, it led to a major economic depression known as the Panic of 1837 which dominated Martin Van Buren's presidency.
President Andrew Jackson's attack on the bank, including withdrawing federal deposits and placing them in state banks, significantly weakened the national bank and increased inflation due to a lack of control over credit expansion. Nicholas Biddle's management of the bank before its closure also contributed to financial instability by restricting loans to the state banks, leading to a reduction in the money supply. The economic turmoil was further exacerbated by Jackson's Specie Circular and a decline in the price of cotton due to international factors such as British demands for specie payments.
Therefore, none of the options provided (impeachment hearings for Andrew Jackson, war with Great Britain due to loan default, increase in land sales in the west, or an attempt by southern states to secede from the Union) reflect the events that followed the closure of the Bank of the United States.