Final answer:
When the mass of Chemical A used in a reaction is doubled, the mass of Chemical B is also doubled to maintain proportions, leading to a doubling of the mass of the products produced according to the Law of Conservation of Mass.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student's question is about determining the mass of the products produced in a chemical reaction when the mass of one of the reactants is doubled. According to the Law of Definite Proportions and the Law of Conservation of Mass, if in the initial reaction 5.4 g of Chemical A reacts with 3.7 g of Chemical B to produce a certain mass of product, then doubling the mass of Chemical A would result in needing to double the mass of Chemical B for the reaction to proceed completely with no excess reactants. If the reaction originally produced a combined mass of reactants (5.4 g + 3.7 g = 9.1 g) worth of product, when we double the amount of Chemical A to 10.8 g, we would need to double Chemical B to 7.4 g, which would produce 18.2 g of product assuming the reaction goes to completion and no mass is lost.