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According to the lecture, sociologist Max Weber believed which of the following was the most important development of modernity?

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Final answer:

Max Weber believed the most important development of modernity was the rise of capitalism influenced by the Protestant work ethic.

Step-by-step explanation:

The most important development of modernity according to sociologist Max Weber is the rise of capitalism, which he believed was influenced by the Protestant work ethic. In his book 'The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism,' Weber argued that certain kinds of Protestantism, such as Calvinism, supported the pursuit of material gain and motivated believers to work hard and be successful. This ideology contributed to the development of capitalism and the modern world order.

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