Final answer:
A bureaucracy is a sociologist term for a structured organization with a hierarchy of authority, explicit rules, and clear work tasks, known for both efficiency and perceived impersonality.
Step-by-step explanation:
The sociologist term for a large hierarchical organization governed by formal rules and regulations and having clearly specified work tasks is known as a bureaucracy. Introduced by pioneer sociologist Max Weber in 1922, bureaucracies are characterized by hierarchy of authority, a clear division of labor, explicit rules, and impersonality. They are a necessary part of modern life, dominating sectors like education, business, healthcare, and government. While bureaucracies are associated with efficiency in managing complex and large-scale operations, they are also criticized for being slow, rule-bound, and often perceived as impersonal and unfriendly.