Final answer:
The correct function of S phase in the cell cycle is DNA replication. Other phases include G1 for cell growth, G2 for preparation for mitosis, and M phase for cell division into two daughter cells. Option B is correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding the different phases of the cell cycle is essential in biology since these stages dictate the growth and division of cells. The cell cycle consists of interphase, which has three stages: G1, S, and G2, and the mitotic phase, often referred to as M phase. During G1 phase, also known as first gap, the cell grows and prepares for DNA replication, but no DNA replication occurs at this stage. Then, in the S phase (synthesis phase), DNA replication takes place, which is crucial for subsequent cell division. Following that, G2 phase, or second gap, involves further cell growth, energy accumulation, and synthesis of proteins required for chromosome manipulation, making final preparations for cell division. Lastly, the M phase includes mitosis (nuclear division and chromosome separation) and cytokinesis (division of the cytoplasm).
Given this understanding, we can match each cell cycle phase with its correct function from the options provided:
- A. G2 phase – preparing for mitosis
- B. S phase – DNA replication
- C. G1 phase – cell growth
- D. M phase – division of the cell into two daughter cells
Therefore, the correct match from the options provided is B. S phase – DNA replication.