Final answer:
The French, South American, and American revolutions spread nationalism through revolutionary leaders encouraging national pride, invaded countries defending national identities, and the establishment of government structures that fostered a sense of nationalism.
Step-by-step explanation:
During the French, South American, and American revolutions, nationalism spread through various means:
- Revolutionary leaders in all three revolutions encouraged people to be proud of their common culture and united them under a shared identity. For example, the French revolutionaries declared themselves as representing the whole 'nation' and fought for their 'fatherland.' This fostered a sense of national pride and solidarity.
- The invaded countries by the French, such as Spain, Austria, Prussia, and Britain, turned the idea of self-determination into a sacred right to defend their own national identities against French imperialism.
- In the case of the American Revolution, colonists' rejection of monarchical power and taxation expanded into a demand for national independence. American leaders worked to establish government structures for the states and the nation, resulting in a political framework that fostered a sense of American nationalism.