Final answer:
The mathematical expression for 'the sum of a number and 10' is x + 10.
Step-by-step explanation:
The task is to translate a verbal phrase into a mathematical expression. The phrase is 'the sum of a number and 10'. In mathematics, 'the sum of' indicates that we should add the given quantities. To represent 'a number', we often use a variable, like x. Therefore, the mathematical expression for the given phrase is x + 10.