Final answer:
The passage illustrates the centralization of authority and increased power of the monarch in the development of the French state.
Step-by-step explanation:
The aspect of the development of the French state illustrated in the passage is D. The centralization of authority and an increase of the monarch's power. The passage mentions how the French monarchs, starting with King Phillip II, took land from their nobles and replaced vassals and church officials with royal bureaucrats. This resulted in much of France coming under direct royal control and enhanced the resources available to the French kings.