Final answer:
Solstice and Equinox mark changing seasons; Perihelion and Aphelion mark Earth's closest and farthest distance from the Sun; Rotation causes day and night, and Revolution causes changing of the seasons; Spring and Autumn Equinox mark the beginning of respective seasons.
Step-by-step explanation:
Solstice and Equinox:
The solstices and equinoxes are points in the Earth's orbit around the Sun that mark the changing seasons. The solstices occur around June 21 and December 21, and are the days with the longest and shortest periods of daylight. On the other hand, the equinoxes occur around March 21 and September 22, and are the days when day and night are of approximately equal length.
Perihelion and Aphelion:
Perihelion and aphelion refer to the points in the Earth's orbit where it is closest and farthest from the Sun, respectively. Perihelion usually occurs around January 3, while aphelion occurs around July 4. The distance between the Earth and the Sun is about 5 million kilometers greater at aphelion compared to perihelion.
Rotation and Revolution:
Rotation refers to the spinning motion of the Earth on its axis, which takes approximately 24 hours to complete and causes day and night. On the other hand, revolution refers to the Earth's movement around the Sun, which takes approximately 365.25 days to complete and causes the changing of the seasons.
Spring Equinox and Autumn Equinox:
The spring equinox, also known as the vernal equinox, occurs around March 21. It marks the beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere and the beginning of autumn in the Southern Hemisphere. The autumn equinox, also known as the fall equinox, occurs around September 22. It marks the beginning of autumn in the Northern Hemisphere and the beginning of spring in the Southern Hemisphere.