Final answer:
Five seconds after being thrown, the vertical component of the ball's velocity is -19 m/s, as gravity causes it to decelerate, whereas the horizontal component remains unchanged at 10 m/s. Therefore, the answer is B) Horizontal: 10 m/s, Vertical: -19 m/s.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question concerns the horizontal and vertical components of a ball's velocity 5 seconds after being thrown with an initial vertical velocity of 30 m/s and a horizontal velocity of 10 m/s. The force of gravity will act upon the vertical component, affecting it over time, while the horizontal component will remain the same in the absence of air resistance.
To find the vertical component of velocity after 5 seconds, we use the equation v = u + at, where 'v' is the final vertical velocity, 'u' is the initial vertical velocity (30 m/s upwards), 'a' is the acceleration due to gravity (-9.8 m/s2 downward), and 't' is the time (5 s). Substituting the known values, we get v = 30 m/s + (-9.8 m/s2) * 5 s, which results in v = 30 m/s - 49 m/s = -19 m/s. The negative sign indicates that the ball is moving downwards after 5 seconds.
The horizontal component of velocity remains unchanged due to the absence of external forces in the horizontal direction, thus it is still 10 m/s after 5 seconds.
The answer to the question is: B) Horizontal: 10 m/s, Vertical: -19 m/s, rounded to the nearest tenth.