Final answer:
Spain's relationship with Amerindians was a mix of cultural imposition and integration, characterized by initially forceful conversion and the encomienda system, which later faced reforms due to advocates like de las Casas.
Step-by-step explanation:
Spain's relationship with the Amerindians was complex and often exploitative, but it also included forms of integration and accommodation. Spanish colonial policies involved the forceful imposition of European culture and religion upon the indigenous peoples, significantly through the encomienda system. However, this system eventually faced reforms, particularly due to advocacy exemplified by individuals such as Bartolomé de las Casas. Amerindians were initially seen as servants or potential converts to Christianity, but over time, they were somewhat integrated into colonial society.
This was evident in instances where local Spanish judges adjudicated in favor of Amerindians over European settlers concerning land disputes. Moreover, the spread of disease from Europeans, most notably smallpox, had catastrophic effects on the native population. Despite the attempts at conversion and integration, Spain's empire-building severely disrupted native societies and led to substantial changes in the New World's demographic and cultural landscapes.