Final answer:
The Incan Temple of the Sun was built in Machu Picchu during the mid-1400s CE, dedicated to the sun god and used for astronomical observations and religious rituals.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Incan Temple of the Sun was constructed during the mid-1400s CE. Located in Machu Picchu, Peru, this temple was built on a mountain ridge at an elevation of 2430 meters. It was strategically placed to be as close to the heavens as possible, serving a significant religious function by allowing precise astronomical measurements which were vital for their calendar and agricultural practices. The temple, dedicated to the sun god, was accessible only to priests and the elite. Its walls consisted of polished dry-stone blocks that fit together without the use of mortar. The temple featured an altar or a large stone for rituals and sacrifices, and its layout included specific windows aligned with the winter and summer solstices, emphasizing its role in Incan cosmology and daily life.