Final answer:
The weight of a 61 kg astronaut varies depending on the celestial body due to the differences in gravitational acceleration. On Earth, the weight is 597.8 N, on the Moon it is 103.7 N, on Mars it is 225.7 N, and in outer space traveling with constant velocity, it is effectively zero.
Step-by-step explanation:
The weight of an object is the force with which it is attracted to a body due to gravity. The weight can be calculated by the formula w = mg, where w is the weight, m is the mass of the object, and g is the acceleration due to gravity.
Part A: The weight of a 61 kg astronaut on Earth is w = (61 kg)(9.80 m/s²) = 597.8 N.
Part B: The weight of a 61 kg astronaut on the Moon, where g = 1.7 m/s², is w = (61 kg)(1.7 m/s²) = 103.7 N.
Part C: The weight of a 61 kg astronaut on Mars, where g = 3.7 m/s², is w = (61 kg)(3.7 m/s²) = 225.7 N.
Part D: The weight of a 61 kg astronaut in outer space traveling with constant velocity would effectively be zero, as weight is the measure of the force of gravity and in space far from any gravitational fields, this force would be nonexistent.