Final answer:
The size of a musical instrument such as a flute affects its pitch, with longer flutes producing lower pitches and shorter flutes higher pitches. Loudness is more related to the playing technique and instrument design than to size.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that the sound that comes from a longer flute is stronger than that from a shorter one is a bit misleading. In terms of physics and music, the size of a musical instrument affects the pitch of the sounds produced rather than their strength or loudness. A longer flute, due to its increased size, is capable of producing lower frequencies which translates to a deeper sound. On the other hand, a shorter flute produces higher frequencies, resulting in higher-pitched sounds. The volume or strength of the sound is more related to the amount of air and the energy put into playing the instrument, as well as the design characteristics that affect sound projection and resonance.
Players of wind instruments, such as flutes or oboes, can vary the effective length of the air column inside their instruments by opening and closing finger holes. This variation allows them to produce different pitches. Instruments with longer air columns, like tubas, generally require loops in their design to manage the length while still being playable. The pitch of the instruments is also affected by whether they are open or closed tubes, with open tubes having a richer set of overtones.