Final answer:
The correct answer is D) Photosynthesis occurs only in plants, and cellular respiration occurs in both plants and animals. Photosynthesis happens in chloroplasts, while cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria across nearly all living organisms.
Step-by-step explanation:
Photosynthesis and aerobic cellular respiration are fundamental processes for energy conversion in living organisms. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells, algae and some bacteria, where they use light energy, water, and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen. This process is limited to organisms that have the necessary pigments, such as chlorophyll, to capture the energy from light.
In contrast, aerobic cellular respiration is a process that happens in the mitochondria of the cells of nearly all organisms, including both plants and animals. During cellular respiration, glucose and oxygen are used to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the energy currency in cells. Plants, which are autotrophs, conduct both photosynthesis and respiration, whereas animals, as heterotrophs, only perform cellular respiration.