Final answer:
A number like 012345 represents an integer. For very large or small numbers, scientific notation is used, simplifying their representation and easing calculations in fields such as chemistry.
Step-by-step explanation:
Numbers such as 012345 are composed of digits (0-9) and may represent values that are non-negative and non-fractional. These numbers, when expressed without a fractional or decimal component, are called integers. In the case of representing very large or small numbers, scientific notation is employed, which uses powers of ten to simplify the representation of the number. For instance, the number 5.69 times 10 to the fourth power is a way to express 56900 in scientific notation. Similarly, a very small number like 0.000028 is expressed as 2.8 times 10 to the negative fifth power in scientific notation.
This scientific notation is particularly useful in fields such as chemistry for expressing quantities that are extremely large or small. To express numbers in scientific notation, you must move the decimal point next to the left-most non-zero digit to format the number between 1 and 10, and then multiply by 10 raised to the number of places you moved the decimal. If the decimal is moved to the left, the exponent is positive, and if moved to the right, the exponent is negative, providing a concise way to denote the scale of the number.