Final answer:
The discussion involves matching terms to their definitions tied to the history of American political parties, focusing on third parties, the spoiler effect, and the dissolution of the Whig Party.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question revolves around American political parties and their history, focusing particularly on third parties and their impact on elections. The definitions of various terms related to American politics, such as 'Greenback' and 'Know-Nothing', need to be matched with their correct meanings, and there is also a specific focus on the role of third-party candidates in potentially affecting the outcome of presidential elections due to a 'spoiler' effect.
For example, the term 'Greenback' refers to paper currency issued by the U.S. Government during the Civil War, and 'Know-Nothing' is a nickname for the American Party, which was anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic in the 1850s. The 'spoiler' phenomenon is well-exemplified by the 2000 election where Ralph Nader's candidacy arguably drew votes away from Democratic nominee Al Gore, which some believe contributed to Gore's loss to George W. Bush.
The Whig Party was not a third-party challenger but was one of the two major parties alongside the Democrats, replacing the Federalists and later being succeeded by the Republicans after the party dissolved in the 1850s. The Whig Party's inability to unite over the issues of slavery and immigration led to its disintegration and the rise of parties like the Know-Nothings and the Republicans.