Final answer:
Segregation involves the physical separation of groups, particularly seen in apartheid South Africa and Jim Crow laws in the US. De jure segregation is by law, while de facto arises from social conditions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Segregation refers to the enforced physical separation of different racial, ethnic, or social groups. The separation could be manifested in various aspects of daily life such as residence, workplace, and social events. There are two types of segregation: de jure segregation, which is enforced by law, and de facto segregation, which occurs without legal enforcement but due to social, economic, or other factors. An example of de jure segregation was the apartheid system in South Africa. In the United States, legal segregation under Jim Crow laws mandated the separation of races in public facilities and was later challenged by civil rights movements and court rulings such as Brown v. Board of Education and the Civil Rights Act.