Final answer:
The term for the revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe marking the transition from medieval to modern times is the Renaissance. This period is characterized by a return to classical principles and witnessed significant cultural, artistic, and scientific advancements.
Step-by-step explanation:
Definition of the Renaissance Period
The term for the rebirth or revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century, marking the transition from medieval to the modern world is A) Renaissance. The Renaissance was a profound period of resurgence in European culture, characterized by a renewed interest in the classical knowledge and principles of ancient Greece and Rome.
This era, which lasted from approximately the 14th to the 17th centuries, was instrumental in shaping the modern Western world. It began in Italy, particularly in Florence, and was marked by significant advancements in art, science, and thought. Humanism, individualism, and secularism flourished, diverging from the medieval views and making room for the emergence of the early modern age.
The Renaissance brought forth great artists like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael, who significantly contributed to the transition of European art from utilitarian to aesthetic. The rediscovery of classical texts, along with the invention of the printing press, played pivotal roles in spreading literacy and the humanistic values of the period. With these developments, education, individual expression, and scientific inquiry dramatically changed the face of Europe, setting the stage for subsequent epochs such as the Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution.