Final answer:
The addition of two small segments to get the distance on the entire segment is represented by arithmetic addition, whereas vector addition is used for quantities with magnitude and direction.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process that represents the addition of two small segments to get the distance on the entire segment is arithmetic addition. This process refers to adding the lengths of individual segments directly to find the total length of a complete segment when the segments are collinear or end to end. In contrast, vector addition is used when dealing with quantities that have both magnitude and direction, and it involves combining these quantities according to the rules of vector algebra, which includes using the Pythagorean theorem and trigonometric identities to find the resultant vector's magnitude and direction.