Final answer:
Plato, the ancient Greek philosopher, criticized democratic principles in favor of rule by philosophers, whom he saw as the most knowledgeable and wise individuals fit to govern society.
Step-by-step explanation:
Plato was an ancient Greek philosopher who disagreed with many democratic ideals and thought that the most intelligent members of society ought to be in positions of power. In his writings, Plato criticized democracy, emphasizing that wisdom and knowledge are frequently given up in favor of majority rule, which isn't always in the best interests of the community. The best kind of government, according to Plato's ideal system, was led by philosophers, who he thought were capable of comprehending the actual essence of reality and had a sincere love of wisdom. Rather than a society ruled by hereditary class, Plato argued for a meritocracy, or aristocracy in the original sense of the word—rule by the best (aristos). On the other hand, late in the sixth century BCE, Cleisthenes, a leader of Athens, was crucial in the establishment of a democracy in that city. Throughout history, there has been a persistent discussion about the ideal form of government and the relative merits of democracy vs aristocracy. Scholars such as Plato and Aristotle have presented opposing perspectives on this matter.