Final answer:
The amplitude of a wave is the maximum distance moved by particles of the medium on either side of the mean position, often measured from the center line to the crest or trough.
Step-by-step explanation:
The amplitude of a wave is the maximum displacement of the medium from its equilibrium position. In a wave diagram, this would be the vertical distance from the center line (equilibrium) to the top of the crest or the bottom of the trough. When we measure amplitude, we are looking at the characteristic height of the wave above or below the equilibrium position.
The correct answer to the question is: C) maximum distance moved by particles of the medium on either side of the mean position. It is important to note that amplitude does not depend on the time period or the distance the wave travels in a specific timeframe. Instead, amplitude relates directly to how far the medium's particles are displaced.
The SI unit for amplitude is the metre (m), and when the amplitude increases, the energy of the wave typically increases as well. This is particularly relevant in sound waves, where a higher amplitude means a louder sound.