Final answer:
Forced labor, cash-crop agriculture, and wage labor were key features of colonial economies in Africa, Asia, and Oceana. These economies transformed the lives of colonial subjects, often through exploitation and displacement of indigenous populations.
Step-by-step explanation:
Colonial economies in Africa, Asia, and Oceana had significant impacts on the lives of colonial subjects. These economies were characterized by forced labor, cash-crop agriculture, and wage labor.
Forced labor involved the exploitation of native labor through outright slavery or forced labor. Examples of outright slavery can be seen in the Congo and the Portuguese African colonies. In other cases, such as Java under Dutch rule, a form of semi-slavery was imposed on villages through the imposition of quotas.
Cash-crop agriculture played a major role in transforming the lives of colonial subjects. Fertile regions were seized by European powers and used for the cultivation of crops like tea, cotton, coffee, and cocoa. Indigenous peoples were often relocated to less fertile lands and forced to work on these plantations for survival.
Wage labor, in the form of subsistence-level wages, was another key aspect of colonial economies. Subjects were taxed by colonial governments and forced to work in mines, on plantations, or to grow cash crops for export. This system disadvantaged local businesspeople and caused a loss of international trade opportunities.