Final answer:
The literary device in the provided lines is imagery, enabling readers to visualize the author's intense desire to experience life fully and extract every bit of meaning, akin to sucking the marrow of life and living in a Spartan-like manner.
Step-by-step explanation:
The literary device featured in the lines "I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life, to live so sturdily and Spartanlike as to put to rout all that was not life, to cut a broad swatch and shave close, to drive life into a corner" is imagery. This device is used by the author to create a vivid description that appeals to the senses, allowing readers to visualize and feel what the author is describing. In this case, Thoreau uses vivid and forceful language to illustrate his desire to experience life to its fullest, to engage deeply with it, and to extract every bit of substance and meaning from it, much like one would extract marrow from a bone. Additionally, phrases like "live so sturdily and Spartanlike" and "put to rout all that was not life" suggest a deliberate and intense approach to living, which could be inspired by the values and lifestyle of the Spartans known for their simplicity and stoicism.