Final answer:
The statement is false because tRNA anticodons bind with mRNA codons, but the amino acid on the tRNA is not released upon binding; it is instead incorporated into a growing polypeptide chain.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that during translation tRNA anticodons bind with mRNA codons to release the amino acid on top of the tRNA is false. In the process of transcription, a tRNA anticodon indeed binds to a complementary mRNA codon. However, the amino acid is not released upon this binding. Instead, the tRNA carries an amino acid to the ribosome where the amino acids are linked together into a polypeptide chain during protein synthesis. The tRNA holds the amino acid in place until a peptide bond forms between the amino acid and the growing polypeptide chain. After the peptide bond is formed, the tRNA is then released from the amino acid.
For example, if the mRNA codon is CCG, a tRNA with the anticodon GGC carrying an amino acid would bind to it. Upon binding, the ribosome catalyzes the formation of a peptide bond between the amino acid that the tRNA is carrying and the growing polypeptide chain. The tRNA is then released from the ribosome, leaving the amino acid behind as part of the chain. This process occurs during the elongation stage of translation.