Final answer:
Repetition in a poem can influence the poem's tone by establishing a steady rhythm similar to a river's flow, aiding in the structure and emotional resonance of the language and themes. It can create a variety of effects, setting the pace and reinforcing the poem's core message.
Step-by-step explanation:
Repetition in a poem is a literary device that can have a profound effect on the poem's tone, rhythm, and overall presentation of the theme. Depending on how repetition is used, it can create a variety of effects. For example, repetition can create a steady rhythm that mimics the consistency of a river's flow, which could lead to a calming, meditative tone. Alternatively, repetition could also build tension in a crescendo, similar to a river racing towards a waterfall. This effect brings a sense of urgency or intensity to the poem's tone.
Moreover, repetition can fuse together ideas and themes, forming a continuity that reinforces the central message of the poem. In some cases, the repetition will be soothing and rhythmic, contributing to a musical quality in the reading, which can be engaging and memorable to the reader. According to Alexander Pope's work, a regular rhythm can create a trust system between the poet and the reader, leading to an established tempo that enhances the emotional or intellectual connection.
In the context of the given options, the most accurate answer would be that repetition in the poem creates a steady rhythm similar to the steady flow of a river, as it lends both a structure and flow to the poem that can make the language and themes more resonant (Answer d).