Final answer:
Gravitational potential energy specifically stores potential energy and converts into kinetic energy when the object falls. Chemical and nuclear energies are other forms of potential energy that can similarly be transformed into kinetic energy through various processes.
Step-by-step explanation:
When discussing the different types of energy and their transformations, it is essential to distinguish between potential energy and kinetic energy. Potential energy is stored energy based on an object's position or internal condition. In contrast, kinetic energy is energy in motion. Among the energy types listed, the one that specifically stores potential energy is D) Gravitational potential energy. This type of potential energy can be converted to kinetic energy as an object falls or moves downward, like a roller coaster car going down a hill.
Chemical energy is another form of potential energy found in the bonds between atoms in molecules. When these bonds are broken, such as in the combustion of gasoline, chemical potential energy is converted into kinetic energy and other forms of energy, driving the pistons in a car's engine.
Lastly, nuclear energy is the potential energy stored in the nucleus of atoms. The release of this energy, as in nuclear fission or fusion, also results in the transformation of potential energy into kinetic energy and other forms of energy.