Final answer:
At the moment the pendulum passes position 2, the velocity vector is horizontal and tangential to the arc, while the acceleration vector is directed vertically downwards due to gravity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The direction of the vector â➡ when the pendulum passes position 2 relates to its instantaneous velocity and acceleration. As the pendulum moves through its equilibrium position (position 2), the direction of the velocity vector is tangential to the arc of the pendulum's path. This is because at the equilibrium point, the pendulum has its maximum kinetic energy and therefore its velocity is at a maximum and purely horizontal. At this very moment, the acceleration vector is directed vertically downwards due to gravity influencing the pendulum to decelerate as it ascends towards the peak of its swing on the other side.