Final answer:
The small rodents referred to as 'field' or 'meadow' mice are typically voles, mainly of the genus Microtus. These voles are known for their habit of living in prairie states under grain shocks and can have significant ecological impacts, including serving as disease reservoirs, like the white-footed mice with Lyme disease.
Step-by-step explanation:
The small rodents commonly called 'field' or 'meadow' mice are known as voles, specifically, the genus Microtus. In prairie states, they are notorious for gathering under shocks of small grains and corn, where they establish their nests and thrive temporarily on the resources available.
Voles are small, stocky rodents with a dense coat and a short tail. Their habitat selection is influenced by the availability of food and shelter, as evidenced by their congregation under grain shocks. Not only do these voles serve as prey for various predators, but they can impact crop yields and even influence public health issues.
Voles are just one component of a diverse group of rodents that play essential roles in their respective ecosystems. Whether as prey for predators, competitors for food, or disease vectors, rodents have complex interactions with both their environment and other species, including humans. These interactions can have varying consequences depending on numerous ecological factors.