Final answer:
The molecule carrying genetic information is nucleic acid, specifically DNA, which contains the cell's genetic blueprint and instructions for functioning.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of molecule that carries genetic information is 4) nucleic acid.
Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life as they carry the genetic blueprint of a cell and provide instructions for its functioning. Of these, DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is well recognized for storing hereditary information, and it can sometimes involve RNA (ribonucleic acid) as well.
The structure of DNA comprises a sequence of nucleotides, each containing a nucleobase (A, C, G, T, or U), which encodes genetic information. The genetic code contained in DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA), which then travels to ribosomes to guide the synthesis of polypeptides, forming proteins that are crucial for various cellular functions.