Final answer:
The false statement among the options is that some attitudes are instinctive, as attitudes are learned, not inborn. Attitudes are influenced by experiences, cognitive dissonance, and can change through both internal decisions and external forces.
Step-by-step explanation:
The false statement about attitudes among the options provided is: C) Some attitudes are instinctive. Attitudes are not instinctive; they are learned and shaped through experiences.
They can indeed be organized (A), changed (B), and they are closely linked to personality (D). Therefore, it is not true that all the above statements are true (E).
Attitudes comprise an affective component (feelings), a behavioral component (the effect of the attitude on behavior), and a cognitive component (belief and knowledge).
Their change may come through various means, including conscious decisions, cognitive dissonance, or through external forces of persuasion such as advertising via central and peripheral routes.
Our personal beliefs and life experiences heavily influence attitudes. Hence, a person who has had direct exposures, such as experiencing racism, may have a particular attitude shaped by those experiences.
Trait theorists also link attitudes to personality traits, which suggest that attitudes are part of the secondary traits that can be prominent under certain circumstances