Final answer:
A typical human has 22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes, with the autosomes being identical in males and females and the sex chromosomes determining gender.
Step-by-step explanation:
A normal human has 22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes. The correct answer is option 2: 22 autosome pairs, 1 sex pair.
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes in total. Of these, 22 pairs are autosomes which are the same in both males and females and are numbered 1 through 22 based on their size—pair 1 being the longest and pair 22 the shortest. The 23rd pair consists of the sex chromosomes, which are XX in females and XY in males, determining the sex of the individual. The autosomes carry genes for characteristics not related to sex, while the sex chromosomes carry genes that determine an individual's sex and other related characteristics. Every human body cell, except for the gametes, features this complement of chromosomes, and the collective full set of chromosomes is typically visualized in a karyotype.