Final answer:
An effective research study requires a researcher to define the problem and research objectives before executing a well-designed plan. These steps ensure that the collected data, whether expected or not, can be analyzed properly, maintaining the study's accuracy, validity, and reliability.
Step-by-step explanation:
In order for a research study to be effective, it must be both well designed and narrowly focused. This requires the researcher to define the problem and research objectives. Before commencing any study, a comprehensive plan, known as the research design, must be in place to ensure all data collected—whether anticipated or unexpected—can be effectively analyzed within this solid framework.
The scientific method typically begins with asking a question, conducting preliminary research, and formulating a hypothesis. Subsequent steps often include the development of a specific plan to ask questions and record responses, making it crucial for researchers to start with a clear and focused objective. In sociological research, after selecting subjects and clarifying the research question, research methods are employed to gather and analyze the requisite information, ultimately drawing conclusions that may support or challenge the initial hypothesis.
Accuracy, validity, and reliability are fundamental attributes for ensuring that the research method produces trustworthy results, providing a foundation for consistent and replicable scientific discovery. Operational definitions are used to set limits and establish clear parameters, adding to the reliability and credibility of the research.