Final Answer:
Railways provide high capacity and low costs due to their efficiency and economies of scale. With the ability to transport large quantities over long distances at a lower operational cost per ton-mile, railways stand out as a cost-effective mode of transportation. Thus the correct option is a) Railways.
Step-by-step explanation:
Railways often provide high capacity and low costs compared to other transportation modes. The key factors contributing to this are efficiency and economies of scale. Railways can transport large quantities of goods over long distances in a cost-effective manner.
Firstly, railways boast a higher capacity for transporting goods compared to trucks or airplanes. Trains can carry a substantial amount of cargo in a single trip, making them efficient for bulk transportation. This high capacity allows for economies of scale, reducing the cost per unit of goods transported.
Secondly, railways generally have lower operational costs per ton-mile compared to other modes of transportation. The fuel efficiency of trains, especially when moving large quantities over extended distances, contributes to lower overall costs. Additionally, railways have lower labor costs per ton-mile, further enhancing their cost-effectiveness.
In contrast, while trucks offer flexibility and accessibility, they tend to be more expensive on a per-mile and per-ton basis. Airplanes, though fast, are costlier and are typically used for time-sensitive or high-value cargo. Ships, on the other hand, may have high capacity but are not as cost-effective for certain types of inland transportation.
In conclusion, the option a) Railways is the preferred choice for high-capacity, cost-effective transportation over long distances, making it a crucial mode for the efficient movement of goods in various industries.